The construction of a scapegoat is a complex process that can be analyzed by several points of view, however one of its fundamental aspects is the “de-humanization” of an individual or a group of individuals who are no longer classified as "humans" then owners of determined qualities and rights but expendable beings to appease anger and frustration of the rest of society. The construction of the scapegoat and the dehumanization process assume even more devastating connotations if, as in totalitarian regimes, it is fomented by governments that spur entire peoples and nations to persecute minority groups causing human tragedies such as mass exterminations and ethnic cleansing. However, even in these contexts they are episodes of “re-humanization” that sometimes take the form of real heroic deeds, the reference is to people like the Polish nurse Irena Sendler and the Italian officer Giorgio Perlasca that opposed the collective vision of hatred towards the Jews and managed with intelligence and courage to save thousands of people from the Nazi deportations. Starting from these assumptions the project aims at:  - analyze the psychological, anthropological and political processes of scapegoat construction in totalitarian regimes - understand reasons and motivations that brings the mentioned characters to rebel against the collective vision and analyze the de-construction process of a scapegoat - reflect on the new scapegoat construction processes in a democratic system especially with a focus on European countries. We will focus in particular on the story of Irena Sendler and we will use theatrical art as innovative tool for investigating the inner path of this heroine with the collaboration of the italian art director Roberto Giordano.